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In 1750 Charles of Bourbon decided to build the Palace as an ideal center of the new kingdom of Naples, now autonomous and released from the Spanish aegis. The choice of the place where the new administrative capital of the Kingdom would rise fell on the plain of Terra di Lavoro, on the site dominated by the sixteenth-century Acquaviva palace. The project for the imposing building, destined to rival the other European royal residences, was entrusted, after various events, to the architect Luigi Vanvitelli ca. 1700, son of the most important painter of views, Gaspar Van Wittel, already active in Rome under Benedict XIV in the restoration of the dome of St. Peter.

The construction of the Palace began with the laying of the first stone on January 20, 1752 and proceeded briskly until 1759, the year in which Charles of Bourbon, the King of Spain died, left the kingdom of Naples to reach Madrid. After Carlo's departure, the construction of the new Palazzo, as the Reggia was called at the time, slowed down considerably, so that when Luigi Vanvitelli died in 1773, they were still far from being completed. Carlo Vanvitelli, son of Luigi and later other architects, who had trained at the school of Vanvitelli, completed this grandiose royal residence in the following century.

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